Memory, literature and the struggle for human rights: a study based on “Grass”, by Keum Suk Gendry-Kim
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21119/anamps.9.1.e995Keywords:
memory, critical theory of human rights, comfort women, law and literatureAbstract
Against the historical background of the systematic sexual violation of Korean women perpetrated by Japan during World War II, as well as the subsequent silence of the Tokyo Tribunal on the crimes and the continued activism of survivors for the recognition of violations and compensation, the article seeks to answer the research problem: having as reference the work Grass, by Keum Suk Gendry-Kim, what can be concluded about the role of literature in the process of struggle for human rights? From an understanding of human rights as a process of opening spaces for struggle, according to David Sánchez Rubio; considering the contributions of Walter Benjamin's thought in his theses II, VIII and IX On the concept of History; and based on studies of Law and Literature, it is concluded that literature can be a mechanism for the reaffirmation of human rights by opening spaces for recognition, claiming memory and fighting for reparations, in resistance to attempts at historical erasure at times legitimized or facilitated by the law.
Downloads
References
ACORDO Entre o Japão e a República da Coreia a Respeito da Resolução de Problemas Relacionados a Propriedade e Reivindicações e Cooperação Econômica = AGREEMENT Between Japan and the Republic of Korea Concerning the Settlement of Problems in Regard to Property and Claims and Economic Cooperation. 22 jun. 1965. Disponível em: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Agreement_Between_Japan_and_the_Republic_of_Korea_Concerning_the_Settlement_of_Problems_in_Regard_to_Property_and_Claims_and_Economic_Cooperation. Acesso em: 12 ago. 2021.
ASKIN, Kelly Dawn. Comfort women: shifting shame and stigma from victims to victimizers. International Criminal Law Review, v. 1, n. 1-2, p. 5-32, 2001.
AYDELOTT, Danise. Mass rape during war: prosecuting Bosnian rapists under international law. Emory International Law Review, Atlanta, v. 7, n. 2, p. 585-631, out. 1993.
BENJAMIN, Walter. Magia e técnica, arte e política: ensaios sobre literatura e história da cultura. Trad. de Sérgio Paulo Rouanet. 7. ed. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1994.
CANDIDO, Antonio. Vários escritos. 5. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Ouro Sobre Azul, 2011.
GENDRY-KIM, Keum Suk. Grass. Trad. de Janet Hong. Montreal: Drawn and Quarterly, 2020. [E-book]
GODOY, Arnaldo Sampaio de Moraes; BRAGA, Raquel Xavier Vieira. O direito e a arte na resistência feminina ao autoritarismo patriarcal durante a ditadura civil militar brasileira. Anamorphosis – Revista Internacional de Direito e Literatura, v. 7, n. 2, p. 529-561, 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21119/anamps.72.529-561.
HENRY, Nicola. War and rape: law, memory and justice. Nova York: Routledge, 2011.
HONG, Sung Pyo. The effects of ‘apology-backlash’ recurrence on Korea-Japan relations. Korean Social Science Journal, Daejon, v. 43, p. 45-61, 2016.
KIM, Mikyoung. Memorializing comfort women: memory and human rights in Korea-Japan relations. Asian Politics and Policy, Cidade Quezon, v. 6, n. 1, p. 83-96, 2014.
KIRSTE, Stephan. O direito como memória cultural. Revista Mestrado em Direito, Osasco, ano 8, n. 2, p. 125-143, 2008.
LÖWY, Michael. Posfácio. In: OLIVEIRA, Antonio Leal de; MOREIRA, Nelson Camatta (org.). Constituição, memória e direitos humanos (vol. 2): Teoria Crítica do Constitucionalismo. São Paulo: Tirant lo Blanch, 2020. p. 175-178.
LÖWY, Michael. Walter Benjamin: aviso de incêndio. Trad. de Wanda Nogueira Caldeira Brandt. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2005.
MATE, Reyes. Meia-noite na história: comentários às teses de Walter Benjamin Sobre o conceito de história. São Leopoldo: Unisinos, 2011.
MELIANTE GARCÉ, Luis. El discurso del derecho: entre ficciones y disrupciones. In: MOREIRA, Nelson Camatta; PAULA, Rodrigo Francisco de (org.). Direito e literatura distópica. São Paulo: Tirant lo Blanch, 2020. p. 79-98.
MOREIRA, N. C.; OLIVEIRA, A. L. de; CARNEIRO, S. P. Escovando a história colonial a contrapelo: teoria da memória como base epistemológica para uma teoria crítica dos direitos humanos. Revista Direitos Humanos e Democracia, Ijuí, v. 9, n. 17, p. 194–210, 2021.
OLIVEIRA, Antonio Leal de; MOREIRA, Nelson Camatta. Direito, democracia e memória: silenciamento e invisibilidade no curso do processo judicial. In: OLIVEIRA, Antonio Leal de; MOREIRA, Nelson Camatta (org.). Constituição, memória e direitos humanos (vol. 2): Teoria Crítica do Constitucionalismo. São Paulo: Tirant lo Blanch, 2020. p. 29-50.
ORBÁN, Katalin. Graphic narratives as trauma fiction. In: DAVIS, Colin; MERETOJA, Hanna (ed.). The Routledge companion to literature and trauma. Londres: Routledge, 2020. p. 317-327.
OST, François. Contar a lei: as fontes do imaginário jurídico. Trad. de Paulo Neves. São Leopoldo: Unisinos, 2004.
PETIT, Michèle. Ler o mundo: experiências de transmissão cultural nos dias de hoje. Trad. de Julia Vidile. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2019.
SÁNCHEZ RUBIO, David. Crítica a una cultura estática y anestesiada de derechos humanos. Por una recuperación de las dimensiones constituyentes de la lucha por los derechos. Revista Culturas Jurídicas, Niterói, v. 4, n. 7, p. 26-60, jan-abr. 2017.
SÁNCHEZ RUBIO, David. Encantos e desencantos dos Direitos Humanos: de emancipações, libertações e dominações. Trad. de Ivone Fernandes Morcilho Lixa e Helena Henkin. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, 2014.
SÁNCHEZ RUBIO, David. Ciencia-ficción y derechos humanos. Una aproximación desde la complejidad, las tramas sociales y los condicionales contrafácticos. Revista Praxis, Heredia, n. 65-64, p. 51-72, dez. 2010.
SCHAFFER, Kay; SMITH, Sidonie. Human rights and narrated lives: the ethics of recognition. Nova York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
SEAGRAVE, Sterling; SEAGRAVE, Peggy. The Yamato dynasty. Nova York: Broadway Books, 1999.
SELIGMANN-SILVA, Márcio. Apresentação da questão: a literatura do trauma. In: SELIGMANN-SILVA, Márcio (org.). História, memória, literatura: o testemunho na Era das Catástrofes. Campinas: Editora da Unicamp, 2013a. p. 45-58.
SELIGMANN-SILVA, Márcio. Reflexões sobre a memória, a história e o esquecimento. In: SELIGMANN-SILVA, Márcio (org.). História, memória, literatura: o testemunho na Era das Catástrofes. Campinas: Editora da Unicamp, 2013b. p. 59-88.
SELIGMANN-SILVA, Márcio. Literatura e trauma. Pro-posições, Campinas, v. 13, n. 3, p. 135-153, set.-dez. 2002.
SOH, C. Sarah. The comfort women: sexual violence and postcolonial memory in Korea and Japan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.
SUDATTI, Ariani Bueno; SELIGMANN-SILVA, Márcio. Prefácio: a tarefa de descolonizar a razão jurídica. In: OLIVEIRA, Antonio Leal de; MOREIRA, Nelson Camatta (org.). Constituição, memória e direitos humanos (vol. 2): Teoria Crítica do Constitucionalismo. São Paulo: Tirant lo Blanch, 2020. p. 13-20.
TATSUMI, Yuki. Japan, South Korea reach agreement on “comfort women”. The Diplomat, 28 dez. 2015. Disponível em: https://thediplomat.com/2015/12/japan-south-korea-reach-agreement-on-comfort-women. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2021.
TESCARI, Adriana Sader. Violência sexual contra a mulher em situação de conflito armado. Porto Alegre: Sergio Antonio Fabris Editor, 2005.
THE JAPAN TIMES. South Korean court dismisses lawsuit by former “comfort women” against Japan. 21 abr. 2021. Disponível em: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/04/21/national/comfort-women-lawsuit-dismissed/. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2021.
TIEZZI, Shannon. South Korea’s “comfort women” reject deal with Japan. The Diplomat, 30 dez. 2015. Disponível em: https://thediplomat.com/2015/12/south-koreas-comfort-women-reject-deal-with-japan. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2021.
YONHAP. Another victim of Japan’s wartime sexual slavery dies. Korea Times, Seul, 3 maio 2021. Disponível em: https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2021/05/120_308202.html. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2021.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 ANAMORPHOSIS - International Journal of Law and Literature
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
I grant the journal ANAMORPHOSIS the first publication of my article, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution license (which allows sharing of work, recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journaL - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
I confirm that my article is not being submitted to another publication and has not been published in its entirely on another journal. I take full responsibility for its originality and I will also claim responsibility for charges from claims by third parties concerning the authorship of the article.
I also agree that the manuscript will be submitted according to the journal’s publication rules described above.